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Menstrual Disorders are problems related to a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle. These disorders affect the timing, flow, duration, or symptoms of menstruation and can impact a woman’s physical and emotional health.

What are Menstrual Disorders?

Menstrual disorders occur when the normal menstrual cycle becomes irregular, painful, too heavy, or stops completely. A typical menstrual cycle usually lasts 21–35 days and bleeding lasts 3–7 days. When this pattern changes significantly, it may indicate a menstrual disorder.

Common Types of Menstrual Disorders

1. Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhea)

Severe cramping or pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation.
Symptoms:

  • Lower abdominal pain

  • Back pain

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Headache

2. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia)

Periods with excessive bleeding or lasting longer than 7 days.

Signs:

  • Soaking pads/tampons every hour

  • Passing large blood clots

  • Feeling weak or tired

3. Absent Periods (Amenorrhea)

When menstruation stops for several months.

Types:

  • Primary: Periods never start by age 15

  • Secondary: Periods stop after previously being regular

4. Irregular Periods (Oligomenorrhea)

Periods occur less frequently or at irregular intervals.

5. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation.

Common symptoms:

  • Mood swings

  • Breast tenderness

  • Bloating

  • Fatigue

Causes of Menstrual Disorders

Several factors can cause menstrual problems, including:

  • Hormonal imbalance

  • Stress

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

  • Thyroid disorders

  • Uterine fibroids

  • Endometriosis

  • Certain medications

  • Sudden weight gain or loss